Cultural diverse of education in the health science †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cultural diverse of education in health science. Answer: Healthcare practitioners should understand the legitimacy of cultural differences- cultural sensitivity. Entails an understanding by the health care practitioner that there is cultural difference to overcome- cultural awareness. Characterized by a willingness to translate cultural awareness and sensitivity into health care delivery-cultural safety Giger and Davidhizar (2004) propose that cultural assessments should assess the following, except- perception of safety Culture is acquired, dynamic, and largely unconscious- true Curriculum content-anthropology of health Role of the educator- democratic Learning climate- caring and respectful Educational strategies- problem based learning Evaluation and Learning-Awarding of credits to groups for collaborative assignments Information that is deliberately left out- omission Reflects the attitudes, values or other points of view of a particular ethnic group in the society as being the best and therefore superior to those of others- ethnocentrism Stereotyping and ill-presentation of the information creating confusion and misunderstanding- distortion Individuals of a particular group are portrayed as having the same attributes by creating false impressions through inaccurate information therefore perpetuating a particular view- prejudice Educational instructional material must be devoid of- racism, sexism, ageism and cultural bias (a, b, d, e). Social accountability, which is an essential component of transformative education, requires that attention be paid to the issues of- governance, curricula, nurse educator preparedness, student recruitment and communication (a, b, c, d) This is a uniting construct within a culture- belief system Implies that students, independent of a specific culture, learn in different ways- learning style Is pertinent in formal education where cultural foreign terminology might be used- world view Leads to integration into a society- socialization Multicultural education implies using assessment strategies that are non-discriminatory- true Tests and examinations should be continually monitored for racial, gender and social bias- true Introducing the humanities in curricula- scientific potential Participants can apply Heideggerian hermeneutics- benefits of health sciences education Building self-esteem and rapport- cultural sensitivity Preserving culture of various groups- preserving history Which one of the following principles of storytelling is incorrect? - people ignoring the past history. The closer a students culture is to that of the educator, the greater his or her chances of academic success- false Requiring alertness to students comments about differences and similarities- success orientation Reassuring students that differences are valued and that students are cared for because of their uniqueness- establishing trust Educators need to be proactive about creating situations that offer meaningful entry into an area that is unfamiliar to the student- using teachable moments An important strategy that educators can use to motivate all students, particularly discouraged students or students of limited ability- inclusivity Effective educators send out clear, positive messages to students that increase their feelings of self-worth- praising students The educator in a multi-cultural setting should have an understanding of anthropological theory relating to the expression of symptoms as an organizational framework underlying effective cross-cultural communication- false Ignoring cultural differences in the educational setting could result in- isolation of individuals, erosion of group cohesion, behavioral problems and learning problems (a, b, c, d) God is a shadowy figure who made the world, but no prayers or rituals are directed at him- supreme being A being who is a stranger or someone who is in some way different from the rest of the community- witchcraft Mystical ability possessed by certain individuals enabling them to use their powers and the forces of nature to bring harm to others- sorcerer Shadows or spirits of deceased people constitute an important religious entity- ancestors Nurse educators perform an assessment interview to elicit cultural data from their students- true The concept of transcultural nursing in nursing and nursing education, has been conceptualized as a strategy of caring that takes into account, with sensitivity, the individuals culture involving specific values, beliefs and practices- true Culturally congruent care is defined as behaviors or decisions that are designed to fit with cultural values to provide meaningful, beneficial, and satisfying health care- true The following are universals of world views, except- self and other In order to render culturally sensitive nursing education, health sciences educators ought to recognize their own cultural mindset- true Teaching the attitudes and behaviors required in clinical situations- It is an organizing framework underlying effective cross-cultural communication. The process through which educators seek and obtain a sound educational foundation concerning various world views of different cultures- describing one group after another This format occurs if courses lack theoretical organization- the reason for teaching cultural competence Becoming familiar with culturally diverse groups world views, beliefs, practices, lifestyles and problem-solving strategies- cultural knowledge The educator should also have some knowledge of anthropological theory- the goal of the educator who attempts to gain cultural knowledge. The fields of transcultural nursing, sociology, transcultural psychiatry, anthropology and medical anthropology can provide the educator with information needed to teach nursing education- true Themba has been reported to be inactive in classroom. His classwork is of poor quality. Lastly, when the nurse educator starts a conversation with him, he always looks away. Themba being in a multi-cultural classroom the following are possible explanations to his behavior: his communication perception, perception of space, perception of time and biological variation are different from that of the teacher (Giger and Davidhizar, 2007) Communication is important in human behavior and interactions. Communication establishes commonality among people which allows sharing of feelings, ideas and information. Culture is shared through communication. Different communities have different communication perception. In some cultures, the children should not start a conversation with elders. It is rude for a woman to be talked to while staring at the man. A child should not be facing an elder when being talked to, it is considered rude. In some cultures, when one faces away while being engaged in a conversation it is considered rude. It is clearly evident that Themba and his nurse educator are from different cultures. Themba looks away when the teacher speaks to him as a sign of respect. The teacher views this as being rude. The second barrier to effective learning, in Thembas situation is perception of space. In most communities, cultural space increases with increase in age. He was reported not to participate in classroom discussion. In this case, it could be that Themba belongs to a community whereby children and elders interactions are unidirectional. The elders talk while the children listen. In this case Themba is doing the same. He listens to the nurse educator. In addition, biological variation may explain his behavior. In many communitys female gender has no voice. They are looked down. Themba may be coming from such a community. He wonders what the female teacher can teach him. This is a huge barrier in learning. In conclusion, Thembas behavior is as a result of cultural differences. The way the teacher and Themba views communication patterns, perceives space and their gender differences are possible explanations of his behavior. This clearly shows that multi-cultural classroom is faced by so many challenges that affects learning. The guidelines to be followed when writing a multicultural lesson plan. According to Banks, J., (2008); Bennett, C., (2003) when writing a lesson plan for a multi-cultural lesson plan the following guidelines should be adhered to. The institutional goals, curriculum objectives, multicultural goal, instructional delivery, materials/resources and lastly the assessment and evaluation. Institutional goal. It is dictated by the schools motto, mission, values and vision. The lesson plan should be able to achieve this objective. Curriculum objectives. The curriculum dictates what the students should learn and at what time. It is wise to consult the curriculum so as to achieve the objectives at that given stage. Multicultural goals. There are several multi-cultural goals. There are those that develop historical perspectives, cultural consciousness, intercultural competence, social action skills, and awareness of the surround. In some cases, they combat racism, discrimination and prejudice. When making a lesson plan, the nurse educator should focus on achieving at least one of the goals. Instructional delivery/ student activity This focusses on the teaching methodology. There are several types of methodology used; lectures, videos, small group, reports, or reading. For effective learning, when choosing a learning methodology, the nurse educator should consider the following; the individual differences, students interests, promote team work/building, should ensure that the students finds a connection of the past learning. Materials/Resources. Choosing the materials, resources to use so as to teach. The factors considered when choosing a material includes the following; those with ethnic cultures and cultural diversities that reflects the reality accurately. Factual resources that are historically accurate. Fictional books that contains very strong ethnic. Those that accurately portrays the attitude and perspectives of a society accurately. Assessment and evaluation After every lesson there should be an evaluation of the students comprehension and teaching methodology. The following are questions that can be used to assess; Are the methods used culturally appropriate? Has the lesson used multiple methods? Do the methods assess skills, understanding and student knowledge? The nurse educator has the following duties regarding personal cultural capacity building to accommodate cultural differences in the classroom- know they self, think globally, act locally, identify the pitfalls affecting marginalized students, listen and learn (a, b, c, d, e) Judgement or opinion against, or in favor of a person or thing, formed beforehand- discrimination Considering ones own race as superior to another race- racism Create mental categories in order to place people, items or events in conceptually specified groups- prejudice When you meet a gay person for example, and your perception is that all gay people are immoral, you may be intolerant towards that person, based on your perception of his/her behavior. This example describes- cultural alienation Noise and dilapidated buildings- physical barriers Hearing impairment or stammer- physiological barriers Differences in age, background, education, gender and interests- perceptual barriers Emotions such as fear of punishment- psychological barriers Social accountability, which is an essential component of transformative education, requires that attention be paid to the issues of- governance, curricula, nurse educator preparedness, cultural diverse education (a, b, c, e) A common source of frustration in transcultural communication is the different ways people from different cultures regard time- true Culturally congruent care is defined as behaviors or decisions that are designed to fit with cultural values to provide meaningful, beneficial, and satisfying health care- true The educator must not only pay attention to words but to meaning too- listen Suspend judgement while listening, checking perceptions and seeking feedback- resist judgmental reaction The educator must clarify feedback so that what has been said is mutually understood- seek feedback The educator must become conscious of how he/she is communicating, thereby learning from their own communication- develop self-awareness Learning styles are largely determined by inherent characteristics, but it is also influenced by the way a student is socialized at home and in the community. This can be shown as- cultural values-socialization practice-learning style (4) Light, weather, seating arrangements and sound- environmental factors Primarily motivated by extrinsic or intrinsic rewards, persistence, need for structure-psychological factors Working together in a group of peers- sociological factors Educator must distinguish between analytic and global students- physical factors Requires alertness to students comments about differences and similarities- use teachable moments Reassure students that differences are valued and the students are cared for because of their uniqueness- establish trust An important strategy that educators can use to motivate all students, particularly discouraged students or students of limited ability- being success oriented Effective educators send out clear, positive messages to students that increase their feelings of self-worth- praise students Reflect only the values, attitudes and viewpoints of the dominant group, which is generally portrayed as being superior- ethnocentrism Depict all individuals of a particular group as having the same attributes that lead to inaccurate information and the creation of false impressions- distortion False information that results in a one-sided account- omission Omission, stereotyping and inaccurate information lead to confusion and misunderstandings or the misrepresentation of facts, motives and statements- stereotyping Cooperative learning has emerged as one of the most promising teaching strategies for diverse groups of students- true According to Leininger, culturally congruent care is provided by combining the professional and generic health care systems creatively- true Refers to groups whose members share a common social and cultural heritage passed on to each successive generation- ethnicity A stratum of people of similar position on a continuum of social status within a society- social class Distance and intimacy techniques that people use when relating verbally and nonverbally to others- space Groups who are either orientated to the past, present or future might differ with regard to culture, age, gender, place to place, region to region and socio-economic groups- time Health sciences educators in the Western world have contributed towards inequality of health by using educational approaches that are inappropriate to the poor- false Cultural imposition refers to all the following, except- people tending to see what they expect to see. Have adopted a scientific approach to life- naturalistic People do not have control over their destiny- mechanistic When conducting culturally-related assessments, the health sciences educator should consider- difference in world views, cultural values may vary, that cultural of people may vary (a, c, d) When analyzing culturally-related assessment data, the health sciences educator should teach students the following, except- negotiation skills When analyzing culturally-related assessment data, the student should acquire the following skills, except- psychomotor skills Non-verbal components of the senses are taken into consideration-listening The professional point of view is discussed with the student- explaining Parties come to a conclusion that changes the health sciences educators professional position while encouraging the student to make change until a workable solution is found- compromising Points of view of students are weighed against each other, emphasizing areas of both agreement and disagreement- comparing Multicultural education is an educational course which the health sciences educator must not undergo- false Gaming strategies in the culturally diverse classroom can enhance the effectiveness of, learning, and reduce communication and cultural barriers- true Teaching style categories which can be used by the health sciences educator excludes Being- emotional exciting In terms of informal educator-constructed class tests, cultural bias can be reduced if educators have sufficient information about the languages and cultures of students- true SEMESTER 2: ASSIGNMENT 2 Semester 2 Question 1 Duties of nurses educator in ensuring accommodation of cultural differences classroom. The nurse educator should ensure that children respects other peoples values and culture. The teacher should also teach them how to live harmoniously in a multi-cultural society. Should also be able to restore a positive self-concept in those who have been greatly affected by racism. Should teach the children to appreciate cultural differences and view each community as being special (Giger and Davidhizar, 2007). The roles of the nurse educator so as to enable the students to accommodate different cultures can be achieved through the following; cultural identity, cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, cultural diversity and lastly cultural safety. Cultural diversity. The nurse educator has a role in teaching his or her students on existence of many cultures. Should elaborate on the importance of the cultural diversity. Cultural identity. The nurse educator has a role in ensuring that his/her pupils identifies to a certain community. It is important as it gives the students a sense of belonging and feel loved. It also enables them to know their cultural history and traditions. This boosts their self- esteem hence facilitating learning. Cultural awareness The nurse educator has a role in making sure that his or her pupils understands other peoples culture. Should ensure that they understand there are similarities and differences between their cultures and other peoples cultures. These differences in attitudes, beliefs, values, social structures and perceptions of different items/issues. Cultural sensitivity Cultural awareness if not taught well causes harm in a society. For example, some can become stereotypes whereby they view a certain culture and in most cases their own, as superior. The role of the nurse educator is to ensure that cultural awareness grows to be cultural sensitivity. This is whereby one acknowledges the cultural differences. One behaves in such a way that they respect the cultures. They do not award any culture a positive or negative points. They view all cultures to be equal. Cultural safety Cultural awareness and cultural sensitivity leads to development of cultural safety. In this case the nurse educator has a role in ensuring that the students develop cultural safety. In this case the educator should create a safe environment for learning. The safety should be felt in terms of physical and emotional safety. The nurse educator has a role of ensuring that his or her students are able to develop cultural safety. Be able to install a sense of security/safety in those people they interact with. This will support their socialization. Conclusion For effective learning, there has to be effective communication. This will only be achieved when students get to respect each other. This respect will only be earned after the students gets an understanding of the cultural diversity, cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity and cultural safety. This will enable harmonious living. Reference Banks., (2008) Teaching strategies or ethnic studies. Boston: Allyn Bacon Bennet. C (2003) comprehensive multicultural education theory and practice, Boston: Allyn and bacon. Giger and Davidhizar,.